![]() How are quantiles and percentiles calculated in Excel, SAS and R?Įxcel uses formula R-7 (in the Wikipedia article) to calculate the QUARTILE and PERCENTILE functions. And we're sometimes asked why the quantiles calculated by Analyse-it sometimes don’t agree with Excel, SAS, or R. Consequently, statistical packages use different formulas to calculate quantiles. The formulas are simple enough, but a take a quick look on Wikipedia and you’ll see there are at least 9 alternative methods. What is a sample quantile or percentile? Take the 0.25 quantile (also known as the 25 th percentile, or 1 st quartile) - it defines the value (let’s call it x) for a random variable, such that the probability that a random observation of the variable is less than x is 0.25 (25% chance).Ī simple question, with a simple definition? The problem is calculating quantiles. ![]()
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